When the filtering layer begins to clog need cleaning it, which happens every 4 to 6 weeks. The cleaning is manual and involves removing the first layer of sand, sand washing in separate tubs and in reconstruction of filter bed. Quick filters are the most used, particularly in combination with other treatments such as clarification (surface waters) and the removal of iron and manganese (deep waters), and can deal with an input flow rate 40 times higher than that of lens filters (survival water purification systems).
These sources of supply, due to specific characteristics of waters and / or the degree of pollution, must be subjected to cycles of treatments of filtration necessary to modify the characteristics and improve its quality. Often, this happens even for the deep waters with a high content of organic substances and a high microbial contamination, especially if they are present faecal bacteria (eg. Coliforms).
The filtration is carried out by passing the waters (from rivers or lakes) through various types of implants removal of organic and inorganic material. The removal methods used can be physical, chemical-physical and biological function of type of substances to be eliminated from waters entering the plant.
However, the fact that the waters is by nature a solvent makes it somewhat problematic the effective elimination of many unwanted substances. The waters is entered into a tank head from which it originated the system of waters supply - drinking. The waters containing different types of organic substances and inorganic, hereinafter classified, that must be removed during the purifying treatment. Physical treatments simple: they are articulated in a single step, eliminating the suspended solids and sediments those not coarse sediments (screening and sedimentation) and non-settleable (sieving and filtration).
Forms special surface filtration membrane processes are divided according to size of pores in: microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration and hyperfiltration or reverse osmosis. Filtration membranes can be used for example as an alternative to or flocculation processes adsorption.
Filter volume: the filtration takes place by means of a three-dimensional porous matrix said filter bed consisting of discrete materials of small dimensions (eg. Sand); in this case the particles are retained within filter medium. The effectiveness of a filter material depends on certain properties of particles such as size, shape and surface chemistry. The filters lenses are the first filtration system used in filtration, but they are currently little used. The slow filtration can be used in case of turbidity 10 ppm.
The waters containing sediments that can create several problems during the cycle of filtration. This law is valid for strictly spherical particles immersed in a liquid at rest and at constant temperature where the downward motion is not influenced neither by the presence of other particles or from the container walls.
These flocculants, added in small doses, immediately after the coagulant, improve the efficiency of process affecting mainly. The adjuvants used are polyelectrolytes, organic macromolecules obtained through polymerization processes, waters-soluble or dispersible well, characterized by the presence of charged groups or at least polar throughout the chain.
These sources of supply, due to specific characteristics of waters and / or the degree of pollution, must be subjected to cycles of treatments of filtration necessary to modify the characteristics and improve its quality. Often, this happens even for the deep waters with a high content of organic substances and a high microbial contamination, especially if they are present faecal bacteria (eg. Coliforms).
The filtration is carried out by passing the waters (from rivers or lakes) through various types of implants removal of organic and inorganic material. The removal methods used can be physical, chemical-physical and biological function of type of substances to be eliminated from waters entering the plant.
However, the fact that the waters is by nature a solvent makes it somewhat problematic the effective elimination of many unwanted substances. The waters is entered into a tank head from which it originated the system of waters supply - drinking. The waters containing different types of organic substances and inorganic, hereinafter classified, that must be removed during the purifying treatment. Physical treatments simple: they are articulated in a single step, eliminating the suspended solids and sediments those not coarse sediments (screening and sedimentation) and non-settleable (sieving and filtration).
Forms special surface filtration membrane processes are divided according to size of pores in: microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration and hyperfiltration or reverse osmosis. Filtration membranes can be used for example as an alternative to or flocculation processes adsorption.
Filter volume: the filtration takes place by means of a three-dimensional porous matrix said filter bed consisting of discrete materials of small dimensions (eg. Sand); in this case the particles are retained within filter medium. The effectiveness of a filter material depends on certain properties of particles such as size, shape and surface chemistry. The filters lenses are the first filtration system used in filtration, but they are currently little used. The slow filtration can be used in case of turbidity 10 ppm.
The waters containing sediments that can create several problems during the cycle of filtration. This law is valid for strictly spherical particles immersed in a liquid at rest and at constant temperature where the downward motion is not influenced neither by the presence of other particles or from the container walls.
These flocculants, added in small doses, immediately after the coagulant, improve the efficiency of process affecting mainly. The adjuvants used are polyelectrolytes, organic macromolecules obtained through polymerization processes, waters-soluble or dispersible well, characterized by the presence of charged groups or at least polar throughout the chain.
0 comments:
Enregistrer un commentaire